Applications of Artificial Intelligence and Associated Technologies

The AI or Artificial Intelligence is one of the significant and highly ambitious approaches in the field of science and technology since last six months ("Top 9 ethical issues in artificial intelligence", 2017). The risks associated with AI have been needed to be considered noticing its outstanding reach and capability. In this study the rise in queries about AI regarding the ethics are answered. They are put into the DET or â€Å"Doing Ethics Technique† format with proper analysis. 1. Various tools have been utilized by ICT, for human thinking. These have been capable to amplify the human brainpower. The power possesses a distant impact on human society. This is because it could manage different human operations. Thus smart machines and gadgets are given birth that is made â€Å"artificially intelligent† ("How Powerful AI Technology Can Lead to Unforeseen Disasters", 2017). The basic building phenomenon of these types of machines lies on uninterrupted interaction among various objects. Since AI has been intruding everyday life of human beings, arguments has been rising about the benefits and potential risks. There have been various non-ethical issues that has originated. The first problem is about the inequality. There has been a requirement to measure the way in which AI could distribute wealth. There has been a problem about the safeguarding process as AI does any blunder. This scenario is referred to as the â€Å"artificial stupidity†. The AI biases should also be eradicated. Hence methods should be found out regarding this. The AI exerts requirements to keep it protected from adversaries. The approach to secure AI from the outcomes that were not desired is another non-ethical area to think. 4. The suffering mitigation has created various obstacles regarding the ethics in AI. Other problems have risen about the risks of the negative consequences. All these impacts has imposed effects on everybody’d life in overall. The AI has indulging the privacy rights of individuals. It has got the freedom in accessing data. Many jobs at present are been getting overthrown by AI due to its rise. This has affected the â€Å"bread-and-butter† of many doctors, accountants and lawyers. Reallocation of jobs is found by the low-skilled workers that has no acceptance by computerization (Strong, 2016). The â€Å"data expertise† has become more significant in exponential manner. Various companies are imposing cyber securities in their defence sectors and areas that need the intelligence priorities. The AI has been expected to deliver opportunities throughout the world on technological parities. Further AI would also be seen to create contents as its primary concern (Nilss on, 2014). 5. Thus it was seen that the AI would be capturing the professions of people. For example let the self-driving trucks be considered. This has the capability to choose the methods to decrease the accident risks more efficiently. Conversation and relationship of human beings could be modelled better through the AI bots. The attention and kindness delivered by the human beings is been limited by the experience they have gathered throughout the life. Infinite resources could be channelled by the AI bots to build relationships virtually. The human beings are staying at the zenith of the food-chain because of its ingenuity and intelligence (Luxton, Anderson & Anderson, 2015). As the similar benefits are been provided by AI, the traditions of human civilization has been facing shattering. This instance is identified as the â€Å"singularity† when the human species would fall short of the entitlement that they are the most intelligent animal on this earth. The secrets underpinning to the conscious experience has been a serious area for research for the neuroscientists. The humans only make sense of the primary ground to get aversion and rewards (Eran Abramson, 2017). Thus an inferiority complex has been originating in the mind of humans as the AI is been seen to surpass them different fields. 6. To make sense of the world by AI, appropriate approaches of ethics are to be imposed as principles. There have been many school thoughts. These ideologies differ in answering and formulating the fundamental queries. The â€Å"Normative† determination of the ethics tries to resolve the expected behaviour of human beings (LaFollette, 2014). This has been depending on the â€Å"Descriptive† logistics to a wide extent. The descriptive arguments have been important like the normative principles. The researchers and the designers must impose AI in such a way that it could acquire the ability to describe different scenarios regarding ethics. Further it should perform the rendering of judgements. 7. In order to compromise with the problems 3 important orientations are been required to be endorse for AI. There have been the â€Å"Utilitarianism† or â€Å"Consequentialism†, â€Å"Virtue Ethics† and â€Å"Deontological Ethics† (Burton et al., 2017). The machines designed with AI perform various tasks in the real world. It can work as software agents and perform decision making very quickly. It maintains large provender of finance in everyday life. However, there has been rise in concern about its empathies and judging of ethical conflicts. The problems are sought by different online researches.   In the field of ICT or â€Å"Information and communication technology†, AI has been a subject of debate for the rising ethical dilemmas. The livelihood of humans under the management of this complex intelligent system is proved to an important ethical issue. The theory of utilitarianism could be further adopted for representing upgraded preferences in different levels of affairs. Burton, E., Goldsmith, J., Koenig, S., Kuipers, B., Mattei, N., & Walsh, T. (2017). Ethical Considerations in Artificial Intelligence Courses.  arXiv preprint arXiv:1701.07769 Cohen, P. R., & Feigenbaum, E. A. (Eds.). (2016).  The handbook of artificial intelligence  (Vol. 3). Butterworth-Heinemann. Eran Abramson, K. (2017). Ethical dilemmas in the age of AI. VentureBeat. Retrieved 3 May 2017, from https://venturebeat.com/2016/12/15/ethical-dilemmas-in-the-age-of-ai/ Ethical Issues In Advanced Artificial Intelligence. (2017). Nickbostrom.com. Retrieved 3 May 2017, from https://www.nickbostrom.com/ethics/ai.html How Powerful AI Technology Can Lead to Unforeseen Disasters. (2017). Fortune.com. Retrieved 17 March 2017, from https://fortune.com/2017/02/06/artificial-intelligence-ethics-disasters/ Luxton, D. D., Anderson, S. L., & Anderson, M. (2015). Ethical Issues and Artificial Intelligence Technologies in Behavioral and Mental Health Care.  Artificial Intelligence in Behavioral and Mental Health Care, 255. Nilsson, N. J. (2014).  Principles of artificial intelligence. Morgan Kaufmann. Pistono, F., & Yampolskiy, R. V. (2016). Unethical Research: How to Create a Malevolent Artificial Intelligence.  arXiv preprint arXiv:1605.02817. Strong, A. I. (2016). Applications of Artificial Intelligence & Associated Technologies.  Science [ETEBMS-2016],  5, 6. Top 9 ethical issues in artificial intelligence. (2017). World Economic Forum. Retrieved 17 March 2017, from https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2016/10/top-10-ethical-issues-in-artificial-intelligence/

Entrepreneurship Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 1

Entrepreneurship - Assignment Example Though they constitute a major element of the countries growth, very little was done for their growth and development in the past. It is a common misconception that unemployed people call themselves entrepreneurs. But, in reality they provide several basic services necessary for huge corporate companies as well as the local public. The government has started to realize their importance only in the recent days. Government encourages the small and medium level entrepreneurs to get rated because they believe the sole aim of encouraging entrepreneurship is job creation and economic growth. Several steps to improve them are taken from offering them easy loans to giving them subsidies to improve their infrastructure. The major obstacle faced by the SMEs are their inability to garner funds when they are in dire need. Getting a good credit rating will help them demand the finance they require from various agencies with confidence. But, there is little awareness regarding the process and its importance among the entrepreneurs. Credit rating is basically a system which statistically determines a person or businesses ability to pay back the money borrowed. The credit ratings are offered by three financial bureaus Equifax, TransUnion and Experian in the U.S. Their rating for each business might differ slightly. An American citizen is entitled to get a free credit report once in every 12 month from these bureaus. But, they should pay a minimal fee of $7.95 to get a detailed credit rating. An alternate way is to use software like FICO to get the credit rating. People applying for the report will usually get it within 30 to 45 days of application. They bureau takes into account certain features like credit repayment history, current debts and time taken to pay back the previous credits, the frequency of getting credits and the credit type to create the credit

Phonology and the Teaching of Pronunciation Essay

Phonology and the Teaching of Pronunciation - Essay Example In English, most connected speech processes are unimportant when distinguishing between speakers of all accents (Roach, 2004:1). Native speakers have many tools for dealing with unclear words and sounds that are caused by connected speech for they are already familiar within that context. But native speakers also experience stumbling over their words because of their lack of awareness of the little tricks or the rules in avoiding the difficulties in speech. Studying connected speech is important because of two essential factors (Basquille, n.d.:4). First, native speakers of the English language do not pause between each sound or word, as already mentioned, but they move effortlessly from one sound or word to the next. Second, English is considered as a malleable language, meaning not all syllables within a word are equal. There are weak syllables that disappear or not heard at all and strong syllables that are stressed and lengthened. An example is the question: "How long have you been living here" where the "how" is hardly pronounced, "have you been" contracts, and "long" and "living" expand. Because English has been described as "stress-timed as opposed to a syllable-timed language", meaning stressed and unstressed syllables may extremely vary at irregular intervals of time, sentences are quite elastic (Basquille, n.d.:4). ... These refer to the different aspects of connected speech: 1) vowel weakening, 2) assimilation, 3) elision, 4) intrusion and linking. This paper aims to find out the rules that native speakers of English follow to string words together that brings confusion and problems to students who are learning English. Vowel weakening, assimilation, elision and intrusion and linking are the features of connected speech that are necessary for learning English, whether a native or a non-native speaker. Aspects of Connected Speech Vowel Weakening In the phonetics of English, weak forms refer to the group of words which have one pronunciation: strong when isolated and weak when not stressed within a phrase (Brett, 2007; Roach, 2004:2). Weak forms are recognized by an alteration in vowel quality from a border position on the vowel quadrilateral to a central position. The common vowel in a weak form is the schwa // and they are pronounced at a faster rate and a lower volume than stressed syllables and they are not central to changes in intonation. Weak forms can be seen in words which are necessary to construct a phrase but they do not deliver much information for they are not content words (Brett, 2007; Roach, 2004:4). An example is the sentence: I went to the hotel and booked a room for two nights for my father and his best friend (/a went t h tel n bkt ru:m f tu: nats f ma f:r n hz best frend/). In the sentence, the words that are central to the message are emphasized: went, hotel, booked room, two nights, father, and best friend. If the weak forms or the words that are not emphasized are eliminated from the sentence, the set of phrases may be a little difficult to interpret but they can still