The Cold War Essay Example

The Cold War Essay Example The Cold War Paper The Cold War Paper COLD WAR by YCW-CRUZ Management The Cold War , it was an open yet restricted rivalry that developed after World War IIbetween the United States and the Soviet Union and their respective allies.The Cold War was waged on political, economic, and propaganda fronts and had only limited recourse to weapons.The term was used by an American financier and presidential adviser Bernard Baruchduring a congressional debate in 1947. Following the surrender of Nazi Germany in May 1945 near the close of WWII, the uneasy wartime alliance between the United States and Great Britain on the other hand and the Soviet Union on the other began to unravel.By 1948 the Soviets had installed leftwing governments in the countries of Eastern Europe that had been liberated by the Red Army , and the United States and Britain had responded by ending reparations to the Soviet Union from zones of Germany that those two powers occupied. The Americans and the British feared the permanent Soviet domination of Eastern Europe and the threat of Soviet- influenced communist parties coming to power in the democracies of Western Europe and elsewhere; the Soviets, on the other hand, were determined to maintain control of Eastern Europe in order to safe guard against any possible renewed threat from Germany, and they were intent on spreading communismand the Soviet system worldwide, largely for ideological reasons. The Cold War had solidified by 1947-48, when U.S. aid provided under Marshall Planto Western Europe had brought those countries under American influence and the Soviets had installed openly communist regimes in the Eastern European nations that they controlled. The Cold War reached its peak in 1948-53.In this period the Soviets unsuccessfully blockaded the western-held sectors of West Berlin (1948-49); the United States and its European allies formed the North Atlantic Treaty Organization ( NATO) , a unified military command to re

Applications of Artificial Intelligence and Associated Technologies

The AI or Artificial Intelligence is one of the significant and highly ambitious approaches in the field of science and technology since last six months ("Top 9 ethical issues in artificial intelligence", 2017). The risks associated with AI have been needed to be considered noticing its outstanding reach and capability. In this study the rise in queries about AI regarding the ethics are answered. They are put into the DET or â€Å"Doing Ethics Technique† format with proper analysis. 1. Various tools have been utilized by ICT, for human thinking. These have been capable to amplify the human brainpower. The power possesses a distant impact on human society. This is because it could manage different human operations. Thus smart machines and gadgets are given birth that is made â€Å"artificially intelligent† ("How Powerful AI Technology Can Lead to Unforeseen Disasters", 2017). The basic building phenomenon of these types of machines lies on uninterrupted interaction among various objects. Since AI has been intruding everyday life of human beings, arguments has been rising about the benefits and potential risks. There have been various non-ethical issues that has originated. The first problem is about the inequality. There has been a requirement to measure the way in which AI could distribute wealth. There has been a problem about the safeguarding process as AI does any blunder. This scenario is referred to as the â€Å"artificial stupidity†. The AI biases should also be eradicated. Hence methods should be found out regarding this. The AI exerts requirements to keep it protected from adversaries. The approach to secure AI from the outcomes that were not desired is another non-ethical area to think. 4. The suffering mitigation has created various obstacles regarding the ethics in AI. Other problems have risen about the risks of the negative consequences. All these impacts has imposed effects on everybody’d life in overall. The AI has indulging the privacy rights of individuals. It has got the freedom in accessing data. Many jobs at present are been getting overthrown by AI due to its rise. This has affected the â€Å"bread-and-butter† of many doctors, accountants and lawyers. Reallocation of jobs is found by the low-skilled workers that has no acceptance by computerization (Strong, 2016). The â€Å"data expertise† has become more significant in exponential manner. Various companies are imposing cyber securities in their defence sectors and areas that need the intelligence priorities. The AI has been expected to deliver opportunities throughout the world on technological parities. Further AI would also be seen to create contents as its primary concern (Nilss on, 2014). 5. Thus it was seen that the AI would be capturing the professions of people. For example let the self-driving trucks be considered. This has the capability to choose the methods to decrease the accident risks more efficiently. Conversation and relationship of human beings could be modelled better through the AI bots. The attention and kindness delivered by the human beings is been limited by the experience they have gathered throughout the life. Infinite resources could be channelled by the AI bots to build relationships virtually. The human beings are staying at the zenith of the food-chain because of its ingenuity and intelligence (Luxton, Anderson & Anderson, 2015). As the similar benefits are been provided by AI, the traditions of human civilization has been facing shattering. This instance is identified as the â€Å"singularity† when the human species would fall short of the entitlement that they are the most intelligent animal on this earth. The secrets underpinning to the conscious experience has been a serious area for research for the neuroscientists. The humans only make sense of the primary ground to get aversion and rewards (Eran Abramson, 2017). Thus an inferiority complex has been originating in the mind of humans as the AI is been seen to surpass them different fields. 6. To make sense of the world by AI, appropriate approaches of ethics are to be imposed as principles. There have been many school thoughts. These ideologies differ in answering and formulating the fundamental queries. The â€Å"Normative† determination of the ethics tries to resolve the expected behaviour of human beings (LaFollette, 2014). This has been depending on the â€Å"Descriptive† logistics to a wide extent. The descriptive arguments have been important like the normative principles. The researchers and the designers must impose AI in such a way that it could acquire the ability to describe different scenarios regarding ethics. Further it should perform the rendering of judgements. 7. In order to compromise with the problems 3 important orientations are been required to be endorse for AI. There have been the â€Å"Utilitarianism† or â€Å"Consequentialism†, â€Å"Virtue Ethics† and â€Å"Deontological Ethics† (Burton et al., 2017). The machines designed with AI perform various tasks in the real world. It can work as software agents and perform decision making very quickly. It maintains large provender of finance in everyday life. However, there has been rise in concern about its empathies and judging of ethical conflicts. The problems are sought by different online researches.   In the field of ICT or â€Å"Information and communication technology†, AI has been a subject of debate for the rising ethical dilemmas. The livelihood of humans under the management of this complex intelligent system is proved to an important ethical issue. The theory of utilitarianism could be further adopted for representing upgraded preferences in different levels of affairs. Burton, E., Goldsmith, J., Koenig, S., Kuipers, B., Mattei, N., & Walsh, T. (2017). Ethical Considerations in Artificial Intelligence Courses.  arXiv preprint arXiv:1701.07769 Cohen, P. R., & Feigenbaum, E. A. (Eds.). (2016).  The handbook of artificial intelligence  (Vol. 3). Butterworth-Heinemann. Eran Abramson, K. (2017). Ethical dilemmas in the age of AI. VentureBeat. Retrieved 3 May 2017, from https://venturebeat.com/2016/12/15/ethical-dilemmas-in-the-age-of-ai/ Ethical Issues In Advanced Artificial Intelligence. (2017). Nickbostrom.com. Retrieved 3 May 2017, from https://www.nickbostrom.com/ethics/ai.html How Powerful AI Technology Can Lead to Unforeseen Disasters. (2017). Fortune.com. Retrieved 17 March 2017, from https://fortune.com/2017/02/06/artificial-intelligence-ethics-disasters/ Luxton, D. D., Anderson, S. L., & Anderson, M. (2015). Ethical Issues and Artificial Intelligence Technologies in Behavioral and Mental Health Care.  Artificial Intelligence in Behavioral and Mental Health Care, 255. Nilsson, N. J. (2014).  Principles of artificial intelligence. Morgan Kaufmann. Pistono, F., & Yampolskiy, R. V. (2016). Unethical Research: How to Create a Malevolent Artificial Intelligence.  arXiv preprint arXiv:1605.02817. Strong, A. I. (2016). Applications of Artificial Intelligence & Associated Technologies.  Science [ETEBMS-2016],  5, 6. Top 9 ethical issues in artificial intelligence. (2017). World Economic Forum. Retrieved 17 March 2017, from https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2016/10/top-10-ethical-issues-in-artificial-intelligence/

Entrepreneurship Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 1

Entrepreneurship - Assignment Example Though they constitute a major element of the countries growth, very little was done for their growth and development in the past. It is a common misconception that unemployed people call themselves entrepreneurs. But, in reality they provide several basic services necessary for huge corporate companies as well as the local public. The government has started to realize their importance only in the recent days. Government encourages the small and medium level entrepreneurs to get rated because they believe the sole aim of encouraging entrepreneurship is job creation and economic growth. Several steps to improve them are taken from offering them easy loans to giving them subsidies to improve their infrastructure. The major obstacle faced by the SMEs are their inability to garner funds when they are in dire need. Getting a good credit rating will help them demand the finance they require from various agencies with confidence. But, there is little awareness regarding the process and its importance among the entrepreneurs. Credit rating is basically a system which statistically determines a person or businesses ability to pay back the money borrowed. The credit ratings are offered by three financial bureaus Equifax, TransUnion and Experian in the U.S. Their rating for each business might differ slightly. An American citizen is entitled to get a free credit report once in every 12 month from these bureaus. But, they should pay a minimal fee of $7.95 to get a detailed credit rating. An alternate way is to use software like FICO to get the credit rating. People applying for the report will usually get it within 30 to 45 days of application. They bureau takes into account certain features like credit repayment history, current debts and time taken to pay back the previous credits, the frequency of getting credits and the credit type to create the credit

Phonology and the Teaching of Pronunciation Essay

Phonology and the Teaching of Pronunciation - Essay Example In English, most connected speech processes are unimportant when distinguishing between speakers of all accents (Roach, 2004:1). Native speakers have many tools for dealing with unclear words and sounds that are caused by connected speech for they are already familiar within that context. But native speakers also experience stumbling over their words because of their lack of awareness of the little tricks or the rules in avoiding the difficulties in speech. Studying connected speech is important because of two essential factors (Basquille, n.d.:4). First, native speakers of the English language do not pause between each sound or word, as already mentioned, but they move effortlessly from one sound or word to the next. Second, English is considered as a malleable language, meaning not all syllables within a word are equal. There are weak syllables that disappear or not heard at all and strong syllables that are stressed and lengthened. An example is the question: "How long have you been living here" where the "how" is hardly pronounced, "have you been" contracts, and "long" and "living" expand. Because English has been described as "stress-timed as opposed to a syllable-timed language", meaning stressed and unstressed syllables may extremely vary at irregular intervals of time, sentences are quite elastic (Basquille, n.d.:4). ... These refer to the different aspects of connected speech: 1) vowel weakening, 2) assimilation, 3) elision, 4) intrusion and linking. This paper aims to find out the rules that native speakers of English follow to string words together that brings confusion and problems to students who are learning English. Vowel weakening, assimilation, elision and intrusion and linking are the features of connected speech that are necessary for learning English, whether a native or a non-native speaker. Aspects of Connected Speech Vowel Weakening In the phonetics of English, weak forms refer to the group of words which have one pronunciation: strong when isolated and weak when not stressed within a phrase (Brett, 2007; Roach, 2004:2). Weak forms are recognized by an alteration in vowel quality from a border position on the vowel quadrilateral to a central position. The common vowel in a weak form is the schwa // and they are pronounced at a faster rate and a lower volume than stressed syllables and they are not central to changes in intonation. Weak forms can be seen in words which are necessary to construct a phrase but they do not deliver much information for they are not content words (Brett, 2007; Roach, 2004:4). An example is the sentence: I went to the hotel and booked a room for two nights for my father and his best friend (/a went t h tel n bkt ru:m f tu: nats f ma f:r n hz best frend/). In the sentence, the words that are central to the message are emphasized: went, hotel, booked room, two nights, father, and best friend. If the weak forms or the words that are not emphasized are eliminated from the sentence, the set of phrases may be a little difficult to interpret but they can still

Communications Theory Essays -- essays papers

Communications Theory Communications is that what binds the world. Even though it is easy to give a simple answer when asked what communications exactly is, it is difficult to explain it so that it is understood clearly. There is a lot you need to consider with it. There are different areas concerning communications and very diverse functions in this area. Through this research report we will have a glimpse in the world of communications and with it more knowledge and understanding about it. Corporate Communication Corporate communication exists of different fields, which together have the purpose to make an image and identity of a company and its product. Corporate communication is a management instrument that combines all forms of direct communication and gears them for one another. Reputation is very important. The first goal of corporate communication is to improve the reputation of a company. A corporate reputation is a cognitive representation of a company’s ability to meet the expectations of its stakeholders. A company benefits from a favourable reputation by becoming the first choice of customers, investors, suppliers and employees. A corporate reputation creates shareholder value, because it contributes in and of itself to the company’s competitive position. A company benefits from its reputation, because:  · It improves cash flows and profitability;  · It acts like a barrier that impedes rivalry;  · It provides a company an enhanced license to operate; and  · It raises a protective shield against downturns and crisis. A company which is specialised in corporate communication is for example: The Corporate Communication Centre. C.C.C. is a joint initiative of the Erasmus University (Rotterdam, The Netherlands) and the business community. The centre tries to co-ordinate all the communication activities within a company and gives advice on communication policies and the organisation of communication methods. C.C.C. also offers training in corporate communication, executive courses and in-company courses. Companies as Shell, Unilever, Compaq Computers and Ernst & Young have a good reputation. They are multinational enterprises. They need a good reputation to be the number one in their field. Especially Shell, because its product (fuel, gasoline) is bad for the environment. But by introducing Shell â€Å"Pura†... ...alled Visual Communications Quarterly.It is co-sponsored by the Viscom division (also a visual communication organisation) and the National Press Photographers. Bibliography: Resource list: The Media Institute www.media.org/ The Communication Research Center www.jou.ufl.edu/commres/crc.htm Association for education in journalism and Mass Communications www.facsnet.org.cgi-bin/New/facs/4149 Media History Monographs: quarterly online journal www.scripps.ohiou.edu/mediahistory CED: the Premier Magazine of Broadband Communication www.cedmagazine.com www.ivca.org www.viscom.apanet.org www.artic.edu www.herron.iupui.edu The Blake Agency http://www.blakeagency.com/ Anderson & associates http://www.prexperts.com/public_relations_dir45.htm The McRae Agency http://www.mcraeagency.com/ Who is in charge? Corporate communications or corporate marketing? A European survey amongst the top reputation leading companies Centre for corporate communications, mem institute at the university of St. Gallen, Switzerland working paper, 1999 Markus Will, Malte Probst and Thomas Schmidt The reputational Landscape 1997 vol 1 C. van Riel and C. Fombrun

Education and Transcendentalism Essay

Education is an important necessity that all people should have. Individuals need education for choosing their path in life and living on their own. People must possess the right knowledge and reason to do those things. Ralph Waldo Emerson and Tupac Shakur have both written articles with their views on education in the United States. Emerson’s â€Å"On Education† and Shakur’s â€Å"On the Topic of Education† have generally the same ideas. Emerson and Shakur convey their strong opinions about education to show that people should learn from their own experience and should not be learning unnecessary information. The best way to learn is from one’s own experiences. Learning from books is important; however, they don’t give an individual the full perspective of something. Emerson states, â€Å"This function of opening and feeding the human mind is not to be fulfilled by any mechanical or military method†¦ in education our common sense fails us, and we are continually trying costly machinery against nature† (Emerson). Individuals should be learning more from nature and personal experiences. This generation is too connected to technology to the point where people lose sight of the world around them. Nature gives one the knowledge they need. It makes it easier to learn when one visualizes and sees the world. Similar to Emerson, Shakur wrote that schools are â€Å"not getting us ready for today’s world†¦ that’s why the streets have taught me† (Shakur). Students generally don’t learn about life lessons in school. In other words, an individual gains the most knowledge from â€Å"the streets† or being outdoors and experiencing life through their own eyes. It is important to have book smarts but also street smarts and common sense. Without street smarts and common sense one will have a difficult time living on their own. A Transcendentalist theme that is similar to these ideas of Emerson and Shakur is valuing nature. Nature and the outside world give us knowledge that we can’t learn from books. Schools fail to teach students things that are truly important. Instead, they tend to repeat the same information. Shakur points out, â€Å"After you learn reading, writing, and arithmetic, that’s it. But what [teachers] tend to do is teach you reading, writing, and arithmetic, then teach you reading, writing, and arithmetic again, then again, just [making] it harder and harder† (Shakur). Once students learn the basics, they shouldn’t keep learning them over and over again. They should be learning other important things that exist in the world. Students should have classes for drugs and alcohol, crime, racism, and other important topics that exist in America. Shakur says, â€Å"I think it should be like college where you can go and take the classes that you want. I think that Elementary school should be that way, where they give you the classes you take, for the basics. And then Junior High School and High School should be the classes that you need, in order to choose your path† (Shakur). First, students beginning school should learn the basics. Then as they get older, students should learn the things that they need to help them decide what they want to do when they are on their own. But, schools today do not follow this method. Students should not be learning what they have already learned in the past. Basic information will always remain in individuals’ minds. In addition to not teaching the right and necessary information, teachers rely too much on memorization. Emerson states, â€Å"Nature loves analogies, but not repetitions† (Emerson). Learning comes from deep thought. Students should not be tested on their ability to memorize information. In most cases, memorizing information is not actual learning. Learning is acquiring knowledge not only through studying but also experience. Furthermore, nature learns in different ways rather than the same way. Therefore, students should not be learning things in the same way. They should be learning information in different perspectives. In other words, students should learn by reading, listening, visualizing, and experiencing to fully understand things. Emerson also said that students have â€Å"educated eyes in uneducated bodies† (Emerson). This means that students are not absorbing the information they are given. This information is being forced into the minds of students through reading books and listening to lectures that are usually boring and uninteresting. This is not the best way for students to learn. A Transcendentalist theme that is similar to these ideas is not only valuing nature but also simplifying one’s life. Simplifying one’s life is a theme because students should be learning only the things that they need and the things that will be useful to them later in life. Students should not acquire or possess unnecessary information just as people should not possess or be attached to unnecessary items. The minds of individuals should contain only the important things that will guide them through life. In â€Å"On Education† and â€Å"On the Topic of Education†, Emerson and Shakur express their opinion about school and education. Emerson believes that students should be learning more from nature and their own experiences. Also, memorizing information is not the proper way to learn because students don’t absorb the information well this way. Comparable to Emerson, Shakur believes that people gain the most knowledge when they are experiencing life and interacting with others. In addition, students shouldn’t be taught the same things repetitively but instead the significant things that will help them later in life. It is crucial that students are getting proper education. Most importantly, teachers have an obligation to help students obtain the necessary knowledge they need to succeed in life.

E Commerce Is A Win / Win For All Participants - 1569 Words

E-commerce is around company processes as well. E-commerce can be a win/win for all participants. It can be with regards to technological know-how integration. The net brings potential buyers and also vendors nearer together to exchange merchandise and also products and services. Resulting trades are and then built in electronic format and also shipped usually. You ll find several distinct circular layers in ecommerce, which help recognize the electricity exposed to today’s economic climate through the World-wide-web. The highlights of a good swap are purchase coordinating, settlement and also completion. Internet marketplaces are including exchanging blog posts where products alter ownership. B2B e-commerce passes through several inner company processes just before acknowledgement on the buy and sell. The ultimate electrical power and also by using the internet would be to increase the actual organization border by way of B2B integration to accomplish end-toend presence on th e whole commerce archipelago. The top businesses include with their finest companies, companions, and also buyers to produce a virtual super-corporation. This kind of prolonged organization results in major cut-throat advantages of many constituents and also boundaries in order to accessibility regarding new comers. Keywords: ECOMMERCE -Catalogue, shopping cart, secure payment – for Omega Electronics 3 ECOMMERCEShow MoreRelatedE Commerce And The Internet1060 Words   |  5 Pagestopic of e-commerce. The reason e-commerce interests me is I would like to find out how it relates to business in terms of importance, benefits, and influence. E-commerce is relative to my area of study because the goal for my future company will deal with providing services and content to customers via the internet. So what exactly does e-commerce mean? Let’s see how Merriam Webster’s online dictionary defines the word: â€Å"e–commerce noun e–com ·merce ˈē-ËÅ'kà ¤-(ËÅ')mÉ™rs Simple Definition of e–commerceRead MoreAdvantages of Amazon.com being the first mover in E-commerce.1276 Words   |  6 PagesE-commerce (electronic-commerce) refers to business over the Internet. With the growth of commerce on the Internet and the Web, e-commerce often refers to purchases from online stores on the Web, otherwise knows as e-commerce Web sites. The e-commerce marketplace is intensely and savagely competitive. Mellahi and Johnson (2000) noted that major sustainable competitive advantages are almost non-existent. That means that firms market advantage such as economies of scale are no longer enough to makeRead MoreEssay On Gst1414 Words   |  6 Pagesadded Tax to be implemented on a national level in India. GST will be an indirect tax at all the stages of production to bring about uniformity in the system. 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So how can decathlon china use social media effectively to attract more customers online towards its brand? And what missing Framework Zhou should use to measure the effectiveness of using Social MediaRead MoreAmazon.Com: the Brink of Bankruptcy2500 Words   |  10 PagesAmazon.com: The Brink of Bankruptcy Jeffrey Bezos, formerly a senior vice president for D. E. Shaw amp; Company, founded Amazon.com in 1994. D. E. Shaw is a Wall Street-based investment bank, and Mr. Bezoswas assigned to find good Internet companies in which to invest. During the summer of 1994, he stumbled across a Web site that showed the number of Internet users was growing by 2,300 percent per month. He quickly realized the vast potential of the Internet, and began putting together a list of Read MoreThe Sharing Economy, Why People Participate For Collaborative Consumption1723 Words   |  7 Pagesa paradigm shift because of the existence of the sharing economy, enabling individuals to gain employment in the rise of micro-entrepreneurship. The attractiveness of the sharing economy is that the sharing platforms can create a win-win situation for all the participants. There are a lot of benefits the sharing economy can bring, as well as on-demand access to goods and services, efficient utilization of idle inventory of resources across businesses, that leads to increasing employment, consumerismRead MoreAnalysis Of Amazon, Ebay And Alibaba s Different Feedback Systems773 Words   |  4 Pagesanalysis of Amazon, eBay and Alibaba’s different feedback systems, as well as identify the advantages of operating feedback systems which enable to promote the growth of the business. A feedback system is a critical factor in determining the success of e-business (Masclet and Penard, 2012). Feedback systems can also be called word-of-month communication which expresses customers’ perceptions and experiences after they receive the products from the marketplaces. Different marketplaces have its own feedbackRead MoreIndustrial Strucural Analysis Of E Commerce2014 Words   |  9 Pages Letter of Transmittal: From Muthuraman Tulasiram 76 kessels road Salisbury,Brisbane Qld-4107 Subject: INDUSTRIAL STRUCURAL ANALYSIS OF E-COMMERCE: The e-commerce market has changed the way business is functioning, whether in retail or business-to-business, locally or comprehensively. Before the Internet, accomplishment in retail was said to depend on area. Presently, the Internet is a worldwide commercial